The most effective treatments depend on the type and cause of pigmentation. For melasma, a combination of SPF 50+ sunscreen, azelaic acid or kojic acid creams, and in some cases prescription hydroquinone is recommended. For post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, niacinamide and vitamin C serums are well evidenced. Professional treatments such as chemical peels and laser therapy are available from UK dermatology clinics for stubborn cases. See our full guide to hyperpigmentation treatment.

Surface-level post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation typically fades within 3–6 months with consistent use of a targeted topical treatment and daily SPF. Deeper pigmentation such as melasma can take 6–12 months or longer. Sun protection is the single most important factor — without it, any treatment will be less effective and pigmentation will return.

Yes, but ingredient choice matters. Azelaic acid, niacinamide, kojic acid, and vitamin C are all considered safe and effective for darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick III–VI). Retinoids can be used but should be introduced slowly to avoid irritation-induced PIH. Hydroquinone is effective but should be used under medical supervision for darker skin. Our guide to hyperpigmentation treatment for black skin covers this in detail.

The NHS generally does not fund cosmetic treatments for hyperpigmentation unless it is causing significant psychological distress. Most treatments are available privately. Prescription-strength topicals such as tretinoin or hydroquinone can be prescribed by a GP or dermatologist if clinically justified. Over-the-counter options containing azelaic acid (up to 10%) are available without prescription in the UK.